The polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) was introduced
In 1983, Kary Mullis, PhD, a scientist at the Cetus Corp., conceived of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as…
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The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique, which is a DNA analysis technique, is used in cancer research
In 1983, the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) was uncovered by the use of restriction endonucleases which cleave…
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Biotechnology | Disease | FDA | Therapeutics
The first biotech drug, human insulin produced in genetically modified bacteria, was approved by FDA
On Oct. 28, 1982, after only 5 months of review, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved…
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The first major DNA sequence databases were established in the U.S. (GenBank) and Germany
In 1982, the first major DNA sequence databases were established in the U.S. (GenBank) and Germany. GenBank ®…
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The first recombinant DNA vaccine for livestock was developed
In 1982, the first recombinant DNA vaccine for livestock was developed. An advantage of the vaccines made through…
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Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Washington injected purified DNA into a single-cell mouse embryo
On Jul. 9, 1981, Frank Ruddle from Yale University, Frank Costantini and Elizabeth Lacy from Oxford, and Ralph…
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AMGen (Applied Molecular Genetics) was founded
On Apr. 8, 1980, AMGen (Applied Molecular Genetics) was established in Thousand Oaks, California with George B. Rathmann…
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The Nobel Laureate in Chemistry was awarded jointly to Frederick Sanger, Walter Gilbert and to Paul Berg for gene cloning
In 1980, the Nobel Laureate in Chemistry was awarded jointly to Frederick Sanger and Walter Gilbert for “for…
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Early concern over the dangers of recombinant DNA has waned and NIH guidelines were relaxed
In 1979, early concern over the dangers of recombinant DNA has waned and the National Institutes of Health…
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Joan Steitz discovered snRNPs
In 1979, Joan Steitz discovered snRNPs, RNA-protein complexes in the cell’s nucleus that perform a crucial step in…
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Prenatal DNA sequencing was developed at Boston Children’s
In 1978, Boston Children’s researcher Stuart Orkin and his team developed a new DNA sequencing technique for prenatal…
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Genentech was founded
On Apr. 7, 1976, Genentech was founded by venture capitalist Robert Swanson and biochemist Dr. Herbert Boyer. In…
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Scientist gathered at Asilomar, CA, for the first international conference on the potential dangers of recombinant DNA
On Feb. 25, 1975, leading biology researchers and lawyers participated in what became known as the Asilomar Conference,…
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Recombinant DNA sequencing methods were developed
In 1975, recombinant DNA sequencing methods were developed. From being the most difficult macromolecule of the cell to…
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Southern blot technique was developed to analyze DNA fragments
In 1975, the Southern blot technique was developed to analyze DNA fragments. The technique was named after its…
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Recombinant DNA was perfected
In 1974, the modern era of biotechnology began when Stanley Cohen of Stanford University and Herbert Boyer of…
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The FDA approved doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
In 1974, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved doxorubicin (Adriamycin), an antitumor anthracycline antibiotic from Streptomyces…
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Agriculture | Biotechnology | Environmental | Infectious Disease | Life Science History | Polio | Vaccine
Molecular biologist Robert Pollack published “Biohazards in Biological Research”
In 1973, the publication “Biohazards in Biological Research,” was edited by S. Hellman, M. Oxman, and R. Pollack. …
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Stanford Medicine researchers demonstrated the first expression of a foreign gene implanted in bacteria by recombinant DNA methods
In 1973, Stanford Medicine researchers demonstrated the first expression of a foreign gene implanted in bacteria by recombinant…
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The University of California Radiation Laboratory (Livermore) was the first to use flow cytometry to sort chromosomes
In 1972, Livermore was the first to use flow cytometry to sort chromosomes. By the end of the…
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Stanford Medicine researchers first constructed a recombinant DNA molecule containing DNA from two different species
In 1972 Stanford Medicine researchers first constructed a recombinant DNA molecule containing DNA from two different species.
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The term “Junk DNA” coined by Dr. Susumu Ohno
In 1972, Dr. Susumu Ohno, writing in the Brookhaven Symposium on Biology in the article “So Much ‘Junk…
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Stanford Medicine researchers discovered RNA priming of DNA synthesis
In 1971, Stanford Medicine researchers discovered RNA priming of DNA synthesis.
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Paul Berg of Stanford University spliced the DNA of viruses into the first recombinant molecules
In 1971, Paul Berg of Stanford University spliced the DNA of viruses into the first recombinant molecules. Bergﾒs…
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Howard Temin and David Baltimore discovered the enzyme reverse transcriptase
In 1970, Howard Temin and David Baltimore discovered the enzyme reverse transcriptase. Reverse transcriptase and bacterial restriction enzymes…
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Alfred Hershey received the Nobel Prize in 1969 for his discovery that DNA is the molecule that carries genetic information
In 1969, Alfred Hershey received the Nobel Prize in 1969 for his discovery that DNA is the molecule…
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Stanford Medicine researchers became the first to synthesize biologically active DNA in test tube
In 1967, Stanford Medicine researchers become the first to synthesize biologically active DNA in test tube.
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Thermus aquaticus was first discovered in Yellowstone National Park
In 1966, Thermus aquaticus was first discovered in the Mushroom Pool of Lower Geyser Basin in Yellowstone National…
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The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to Francis Crick, James Watson and Maurice Wilkins
On Oct. 18, 1962, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded jointly to Francis Crick, James…
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Marshal Nirenberg and others proved the triplet code is how the information to make proteins is stored in DNA
In 1961, Marshal Nirenberg and others prove the triplet code is how the information to make proteins is…
