On Nov. 16, 2020, Tonix Pharmaceuticals announced preliminary results following vaccination of non-human primates with TNX-1800 (modified horsepox virus, live vaccine), a live attenuated COVID-19 vaccine candidate engineered to express the SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) spike protein after vaccination.

The research was part of an ongoing collaboration between Southern Research Institute, the University of Alberta and Tonix.