On Apr. 29, 2015, the Pan American Health Organization ﾠdeclared that the Americas region has become the first in the world to be declared free of endemic transmission of rubella, a contagious viral disease that can cause multiple birth defects as well as fetal death when contracted by women during pregnancy.

The most recent endemic cases of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome were found in the Americas in 2009. There has been no evidence of local transmission for 5 consecutive years, although imported cases continue.

This made rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) the third and fourth vaccine-preventable diseases to be eliminated from the Americas, following the regional eradication of smallpox in 1971 and the elimination of polio in 1994.