On Apr. 24, 2026, researchers at Princeton University announce they have developed a 3-dimensional device that merges living brain cells with advanced electronics to perform computational tasks.In this new work, advanced fabrication was used to create a 3D mesh of microscopic metal wires and electrodes.

As per the study authors, these 3D biological neural networks serve a dual purpose. Beyond unlocking the brain’s computational mysteries, it provides a powerful new tool for understanding and developing treatments for neurological diseases.

The research team employed advanced fabrication techniques to construct a 3D mesh consisting of microscopic metal wires and electrodes. This structure is supported by an ultra-thin, flexible epoxy coating that mimics the soft, delicate texture of actual brain tissue.

Using the mesh as a scaffold, tens of thousands of neurons were grown directly, and allowed the electronics to interface with the biological network from the inside.

This long-term evolution culminated in the training of an algorithm capable of accurately interpreting and recognizing complex patterns of electrical pulses within the system.

Interestingly, it demonstrated its computational prowess by successfully distinguishing between distinct spatial sources (i.e., the locations where signals originate) and temporal electrical patterns (the timing of electrical pulses). These tests confirmed that the hybrid device can process both the where and when of incoming data, much like a natural brain. 

Remarkably, the system remained stable for over six months. The “inside-out” architecture allows the electronics to record and stimulate the cells, transforming a vast 3D cluster of living neurons into a programmable system capable of computation. The study was published in the journal Nature Electronics.