In 1958, the Integrated circuit was invented by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments. Kilby was awarded the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of the integrated circuit. Jack Kilby went on to pioneer military, industrial, and commercial applications of microchip technology. He headed teams that built both the first military system and the first computer incorporating integrated circuits. He later co-invented both the hand-held calculator and the thermal printer that was used in portable data terminals. Mr. Kilby officially retired from TI in 1983, but he maintained a significant involvement with the company throughout his life.