On Dec. 5, 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that as of December 1, 20 countries have reported 13,171 confirmed cases, including 57 deaths. The three countries with the majority of the cases in 2024 are Democratic Republic of the Congo, (9,513), Burundi, (2,334), and Uganda (785). A total of 15,575 laboratory confirmed cases, including 80 deaths, have been reported to WHO. Two additional nations: Zimbabwe and Zambia reported the novel clade 1b virus had been identified through sequencing.

Mpox virus (MPXV) genetic sequences are routinely shared within NCBI GenBank and GISAID databases. Based on mutations and phylogenetic clustering, MPXV is currently divided into two major clades, clade I (one, formally Congo Basin clade) and clade II (two, formally West Africa clade). Each of these clades is further subdivided into two subclades: clade Ia and clade Ib within clade I; clade IIa and clade IIb within clade II.

Regardless of geographic area, epidemiological context, biological sex, gender identity or sexual behaviour, individual-level risk is largely dependent on individual factors such as exposure risk and immune status.