On Feb. 8, 2022, researchers at Oxford University announced they had implanted a novel closed-loop research platform for investigating the role of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) ﾖ a brainstem nucleus ﾖ in Parkinsonﾒs-like Multiple Systems Atrophy (MSA).

The MINDS feasibility trial involves a 5-subject first-in-man clinical trial with the novel closed-loop brain pacemaker to target the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) stimulation in patients with MSA.