On Mar. 2, 2021, NanoViricides reported that NV-CoV-2 and NV-CoV-2-R were found to be highly effective in comparison to remdesivir against two distinctly different coronaviruses in our new cell culture studies leading towards a pre-IND application and thereafter an IND submission for these COVID-19 drug candidates. Remdesivir is one of the most effective anti-coronavirus drugs in cell culture studies.