In 1819, caffeine was isolated by Germand chemist Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge at the behest of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

Caffeine is part of the plant’s ‘chemical weaponry’ to defend itself against predators and competitors. Caffeine has antibiotic and anti fungal powers, and causes sterility in several insects. It also permeates the soil around the plant through the accumulation of fallen leaves and berries, thereby inhibiting the growth of competing plants.