In 1969, live, attenuated rubella vaccines were first licensed in the U.S., and a vaccination program was established with the goal of preventing congenital infections, including congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Rubella, also known as German measles or three-day measles, is a contagious viral infection best known by its distinctive red rash.

While Rubella infection may cause mild symptoms or even no symptoms in most people, it can cause serious problems for unborn babies whose mothers become infected during pregnancy. Since rubella vaccine licensure, substantial declines in rubella and CRS have occurred in the U.S.