In 1969, live, attenuated rubella vaccines were first licensed in the U.S., and a vaccination program was established with the goal of preventing congenital infections, including congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).

Rubella, also known as German measles or three-day measles, is a contagious viral infection best known by its distinctive red rash. While Rubella infection may cause mild symptoms or even no symptoms in most people, it can cause serious problems for unborn babies whose mothers become infected during pregnancy. Since rubella vaccine licensure, substantial declines in rubella and CRS have occurred in the U.S.

During 1969–1977, an estimated 80 million doses of live, attenuated rubella virus vaccines were distributed in the United States. By 1977, reported vaccination levels were approximately 60% for children aged 1–4 years, 71% for those aged 5–9 years, and 64% for those aged 10–14 years (8). The number of reported rubella cases declined 78%, from 57,686 cases in 1969 to 12,491 cases in 1976.