President Richard Nixon renounced the use of lethal biological agents and weapons
On Nov. 25, 1969, President Richard Nixon issued his “Statement on Chemical and Biological Defense Policies and Programs”…
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The etiology of ‘swine influenza’ was established
In 1931, Rockefeller Institute investigator Richard Shope published the first of three landmark papers that established the etiology…
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The Stanley Cup playoffs between the Montreal Canadians and the Seattle Metropolitans cancelled by Spanish flu
On Apr. 1, 1919, the Stanley Cup playoffs between the Montreal Canadians and the Seattle Metropolitans ended tied…
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Denver slowly returned to normal after its flu epidemic, and schools reopened
On Jan. 2, 1919, Denver slowly returned to normal after its flu epidemic, and schools reopened. School teachers…
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Washington, DC one of the hardest-hit in the nation with 1918-1919 influenza pandemic
In 1919, Washington, D.C. suffered spikes in influenza cases throughout the remainder of 1918, and into early February…
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The University of Oregon began offering courses in nursing
In 1919, the University of Oregon in Eugene introduced the state’s first professional courses in nursing. The courses…
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Influenza cases dwindled through the winter of 1918, yet persisted into April 1919
In 1919, influenza cases dwindled through the winter of 1918, yet persisted into April 1919 sporadically. About 9…
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Kansas City schools reopened as the influenza epidemic waned
On Dec. 30, 1918, Kansas City schools reopened as the influenza epidemic waned. The New Year came and…
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Nebraska Board of Health made influenza a mandatory quarantine disease
On Dec. 24, 1918, on Christmas Eve, with the epidemic across Nebraska still raging, the state Board of…
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The Cincinnati Board of Health removed ban prohibiting children from entering public places during influenza pandemic
On Dec. 23, 1918, the Cincinnati Board of Health removed its ban prohibiting children from entering public places….
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Health Commissioner lifted remaining St Louis closure bans during influenza pandemic
On Dec. 20, 1918, after declining influenza cases, Health Commissioner Starkloff lifted remaining St. Louis closure bans.
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By the end of the influenza epidemic, Philadelphia had suffered 748 deaths per 100,000 people
On Dec. 15, 1918, the number of new influenza cases per day in the city slowed to a…
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Cincinnati Board of Health officials reversed business hour restrictions
On Dec. 14, 1918, meeting in special session, members quickly decided that the influenza situation in Cincinnati had…
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Louisville Health Officer Baker implemented another influenza closure order for the city
On Dec. 12, 1918, following a second spike in influenza cases especially among schoolchildren, Louisville Health Officer Dr….
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Cincinnati Health Officer recommended regulating businesses’ hours during Influenza pandemic
On Dec. 12, 1918, following an increase in influenza cases, Cincinnati Health Officer Dr. William H. Peters recommended…
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Following another increase in influenza cases among children, the LA Board of Education ordered all public schools closed
On Dec. 10, 1918, following another increase in influenza cases among children, the Los Angeles Board of Education…
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Salt Lake City and Utah health officials allowed churches and theaters to reopen during influenza pandemic
On Dec. 6, 1918, Salt Lake City and Utah health officials met to modify their closure order, to…
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Minneapolis officials closed more schools due to a second spike in influenza cases among children
On Dec. 3, 1918, Minneapolis officials closed more schools due to a second spike in influenza cases among…
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St. Louis experienced one of the lowest excess death rates of any city in the U.S. during the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic
in 1919, thanks to Health Commissioner Dr. Max C. Starkloff’s strong leadership in the influenza epidemic, St. Louis…
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Los Angeles experienced a lower epidemic death rate than many other American cities: 494 deaths per 100,000 people
By the end of the 1918 influenza epidemic, Los Angeles experienced a lower epidemic death rate than many…
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Baltimore had 4,125 known deaths from the influenza pandemic
At the end of 1918, Baltimore had a total of almost 24,000 reported cases of influenza and 4,125…
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Dallas lost a disputed number of lives during the influenza pandemic
By the end of 1918, Dallas had lost a disputed number of lives to infleunza, between 250 and…
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Following a lack of success in enforcement and compliance in Denver, more stringent quarantine orders were made
On Dec. 1, 1918, following a lack of success in enforcement and compliance, the Denver mask order was…
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Kansas City closed schools again following a spike in children’s influenza cases
On Nov. 30, 1918, after having reopened schools earlier in the month, Kansas City closed schools again following…
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St. Louis health commissioner ordered another school closure, and banned children under 16 from public gatherings
On Nov. 27, 1918, after a spike in influenza cases including several children, St. Louis health commissioner Dr….
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Following backlash due to the second closure order, Denver officials rescinded the closure
On Nov. 25, 1918, Denverites would be required to wear gauze face masks while riding streetcars, when attending…
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Washington, D.C. commissioners removed restrictions on business hours related to the influenza epidemic
On Nov. 24, 1918, Washington, D.C. commissioners removed restrictions on business hours related to the influenza epidemic. Residents…
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Following an increase in influenza cases after the Armistice celebration, Denver officials issued a second closure order
On Nov. 22, 1918, following an increase in influenza cases after the Armistice celebration on November 11, Denver…
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Over 18,000 influenza cases had been reported to Detroit’s Department of Health
By Nov. 20, 1918, over 18,000 influenza cases had been reported to Detroit’s Department of Health, and almost…
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Salt Lake City business community leaders proposed methods to stem the rising cases of influenzaﾠ
On Nov. 20, 1918, School officials were eager to reopen their classrooms. Salt Lake City business and community…
