On Aug. 23, 2023, an international research team announced they had generated the first truly complete sequence of a human Y chromosome, the final human chromosome to be fully sequenced. The new sequence, which fills in gaps across more than 50% of the Y chromosomeﾒs length, uncovers important genomic features with implications for fertility, such as factors in sperm production.

The study, led by the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) Consortium, a team of researchers funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), part of the National Institutes of Health, was published in Nature.