In 1958, Arthur Kornberg at Washington University School of Medicine found which combinations of the nucleotides and other ingredients resulted in the most rapid synthesis of DNA. By the following year he had found and purified the essential enzyme, DNA polymerase, from E. coli, and was able to synthesize DNA in the lab. The results were published in 1958, and Kornberg received the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (shared with Severo Ochoa) for this work.