On Dec. 15, 1989, the live, oral typhoid vaccine (Ty21a, Vivotif Berna by Swiss Serum Institute) was licensed. The vaccine was first licensed in Europe in 1983 and over the years it has proved efficacious and safe.

It is indicated for adults and children from 5 years of age upwards. Specifically, in the most developed countries, vaccination is suggested for high risk population groups and particularly for international travellers.