On Aug. 10, 2021, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced that a pilot study had begun to assess the antibody response to a third dose of an authorized COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in kidney transplant recipients who did not respond to two doses of the Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.

The Phase 2 trial was sponsored and funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.