On Nov. 26, 2024, the the United Nations reported that fewer people contracted HIV last year than at any point since the rise of the disease in the late 1980s. Almost 31 million people were receiving lifesaving antiretroviral therapy in 2023, a public health success that has reduced the numbers of AIDS-related deaths to their lowest level since the peak in 2004.

For the first time in the history of the HIV pandemic, more new infections are occurring outside sub-Saharan Africa than in sub-Saharan Africa. Globally, about 39% fewer people acquired HIV in 2023 compared with 2010, with sub-Saharan Africa achieving the steepest reduction (−56%). Nonetheless, an estimated 1.3 million [1.0 million–1.7 million] people acquired HIV in 2023—over three times more than the target of 370 000 or fewer new infections in 2025.

An estimated 30.7 million [27.0 million–31.9 million] people were receiving HIV treatment in 2023. The world can reduce the number of AIDS-related deaths to fewer than the 2025 target of 250 000 if it achieves further rapid increases in diagnosing and providing HIV treatment to people living with HIV.